This species is native to eurasia and was first introduced in the late. It produces bright, thistlelike yellow flowers with sharp spines surrounding the base. The rosette of yellow star thistle lies close to the ground see figure 2 and produces six to 28 deeply lobed leaves that range from one to eight inches 2. They may be used in teaching, printed, downloaded, or copied, provided it is in an educational setting and proper attribution is provided. Wsdot wetland monitoring plant list updated may 2016 wetland indicator status obl obligate. Us wildflower yellow thistle, common yellow thistle, spiny. Yellow starthistle minnesota department of agriculture. Yellow star thistle national invasive species information center. Appendix d list of plant species observed during site visits. Plants found on only one island are called single island endemics.
Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure youre on a. Star thistle az of weeds weeds pests, diseases and. Occurrence on an island is indicated by a oneletter symbol for each island. Yellow starthistle can outcompete annual grasses until its density limits growth or they can codominate. Biology and biological control of yellow starthistle bugwoodcloud. Since its arrival from the old world, this thistle plant has spread steadily and now inhabitants millions of. Russian knapweed and yellow star thistle poisoning of. Questions possibly pertaining to centaurea solstitialis. Centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle x x chaenactis carphoclinia pebble pincushion x x chaenactis fremontii fremont pincushion x chaenactis glabriuscula dc.
Common name black swallowwort chinese silvergrass dog rose giant knotwood honeysuckle, showy pink kudzu leafy spurge mileaminute vine nepalgrass nodding thistle porcelainberry privet, border spotted knapweed starofbethlehem scientific name vincetoxicum nigrum miscanthus sinensis rosa canina polygonum sachalinense lonicera xbella. Yellow starthistle is an invasive, exotic, seedy herbaceous annual. Yellow star thistle, geeldissel, golden star thistle, st. The currently accepted scientific name for yellow starthistle is centaurea solstitialis l.
Depending on the variety, the leaves may be densely to slightly tomentose or even glabrous. The symbol indicates the former scientific name of the plant. Yellow starthistle seeds were found in adobe bricks from the period between 1824 and 1848 in california hendry 1931. The spiny stem leaves are alternate and are may be unlobed but dentate, or deeply pinnately lobed.
Yellow star thistle prefers drier, welldrained upland soils. The similar yellow starthistle centaurea solstitialis has longer, yellow spines. Carduus pycnocephalus italian thistle nonnative nl carpobrotus sp. Centaurea melitensis maltese starthistle, tocolote. Yellow starthistle is native to eurasia asia minor, the middle east and south central europe. Scientific name common name acroptilon repens russian knapweed artemisia californica california sagebrush artemisia douglasiana mugwort avena spp. Rosette leaves grow to 25 cm long and with stalks where stem leaves are much smaller, lanceolate shaped like a lance and grow directly from the base of stems rather than having stalks sessile.
In the sunflower family asteraceae native to the u. Plants which have such a restricted distribution are referred to as island endemics. Maltese starthistle, tocolote, tocalote, spotted knapweed, malta starthistle plant characteristics. Members of the genus are found only north of the equator, mostly in the eastern hemisphere. Seed was introduced to california in the mid 1850s as a contaminant in alfalfa seed.
It produces bright, thistle like yellow flowers with sharp spines surrounding the base. Barnabys thistle, golden starthistle, yellow cockspur, and cottontip thistle. Class b weeds class a weeds eradication is required. Centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. This plant easily outcompetes native plants, resulting in dense monocultures and a reduction in native plant diversity very important to wildlife and pollinators. Asteraceae 46,49,55,56,65,66,70,88,107,127,141,158. It is policy of channel islands national park to maintain or restore lands. Jun 08, 2018 thistle was once a revered plant and flower.
Poisonings occur at ingestions of 50% 200% of the animals body weight over a 60 to 90 day. Consult the plants web site and your state department of natural resources for this plants current status e. Prohibited eradicate all above and below ground parts of the plant must be destroyed. Common name scientific name woodland strawberry fragaria vesca woolly marbles psilocarphus sp. Only yellow starthistle is discussed in this manual. Agricultural brochure yellow starthistle pdf 235 kb plumassierra noxious weeds management group california. A species profile for yellow star thistle, geeldissel, golden star thistle, st. Centaurea solstitialis, yellow starthistle, is a member of the family asteraceae, native to the mediterranean basin region. The plant is also known as golden starthistle, yellow cockspur and st. Is there any way to prevent your horse from eating poisonous plants. Vegetation list united states fish and wildlife service. If not kept under control, thistle will quickly take over a landscape.
In the western united states, yellow starthistles are an invasive species. Nonnative species whose distribution in washington is still limited. Canada thistle national invasive species information. Where soils are shallow, cheatgrass has a competitive edge over yellow starthistle. Similar to the yellow star thistle centaurea solstitialis but there is a color differentiation on the flowers. Yellow star thistle is in the aster family or the sunflower family. Photo courtesy of john oloughlin, grant county noxious weed program coordinator.
Flowers are found solitary or a few at tip of stem. Preventing new infestations and eradicating existing infestations are the highest priority. Star thistle leaves are darkish green, have short hairs and are deeply lobed and sometimes toothed but without spines. Yellow starthistle grows to heights varying from 6 inches to 5 feet.
Rosette leaves grow to 25 cm long and with stalks where stem leaves are much smaller, lanceolate shaped like a lance and grow directly from the. This weed grows in disturbed areas, along roadsides, in fields, and in drainage ditches. Also resembles other thistles from the genus centaurea especially the iberian starthistle, centaurea iberica and can be easily confused for them. Could you give me a list of landscape plants that are toxic to horses.
The seeds germinate quickly and can lie dormant in the soil for many years, prolonging the life. It invades native plant communities, reducing biodiversity, and wildlife habitat. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Sunflower family asteraceae native range africa, temperate asia and eurasia balkanasia minor, the middle east and southcentral europe mediterranean region of southern europe and northern africa, especially turkey description yellow starthistle is an annual herbaceous plant. The exact chemical compound responsible for toxicity in russian knapweed and yellow starthistle has not been defined. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. The vast majority of the species of thistle found in north america and all the native ones are in the cirsium genus. Initially a weed of agricultural systems and roadsides, yellow starthistle began to spread to rangelands across northwestern states during the 1870s and 1880s. Additionally, no transportation, propagation, or sale of this plant is allowed. Give a physical description of your species size, color, etc. Yellow starthistle management guide california invasive plant.
Whirlwinds, birds, humans, and other animals aid in the dispersal of yellow starthistle seeds. Identify your species as an aquatic or terrestrial pest. Plants are graygreen to blue green, grow from 6 in. Yellow thistle grows to as much as 5 or more feet tall var. Vegetation list scientific name family common name nonnative invasive status sesuvium verrucosum aizoaceae western sea purslane tetragonia tetragonioides aizoaceae new zealand spinach y conium maculatum apiaceae poison hemlock y foeniculum vulgare apiaceae common fennel y achillea millefolium asteraceae common yarrow baccharis pilularis asteraceae coyote brush. Yellow star thistle national invasive species information. Plants profile for centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle. Scientific name common name native nonnative wetland indicator status1. Established populations of yellow star thistle are found in several dispersed locations including paramount ranch and upper las virgenes canyon. Us wildflower yellow thistle, common yellow thistle. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. The plant is not usually eaten unless other forage is unavailable, or when incorporated into hay. The scientific name of each plant is followed by synonyms or misapplied names in parentheses and then by one of the more common names if.
Weediness yellow starthistle is one of the more invasive. Canada thistle national invasive species information center. Leaves alternate, lobed and toothed ending in rigid spines. Appendix i common and scientific names for plant and. The plant was first collected in oakland, california in 1869 and was most likely introduced from chile, while introductions from 1899 to 1927 appear to be from turkestan, argentina, italy, france and spain. Yellow starthistle definition of yellow starthistle by. Yellow starthistle is a listed noxious weed and is invasive in many western states. Barnabys thistle, yellow centaury, yellow cockspur. Vegetation list scientific name family common name nonnative invasive status sesuvium verrucosum aizoaceae western sea purslane tetragonia tetragonioides aizoaceae new zealand spinach y conium maculatum apiaceae poison hemlock y foeniculum vulgare apiaceae common fennel y achillea millefolium asteraceae common yarrow baccharis pilularis. Barnabys thistle, golden starthistle, yellow cockspur, and cottontip thistle scientific name.
It probably came in on a load of seed such as grains. The plant has a deep tap root that makes pulling this plant virtually impossible so you cant control it by doing. Yellow starthistle prefers deep loamy soils with south facing slopes and 12 to 25 inches or more of annual rainfall with a bimodal. Invasive species factsheetyellow starthistle prepared by. Cirsium horridulum yellow thistle, common yellow thistle, spiny thistle, bigspine thistle, southern yellow thistle, horrible thistle. Appendix i common and scientific names for plant and wildlife. Barnabys thistle or barnaby thistle the plant is a thorny winter annual species in the knapweed genus. The species name expressed in the common languages of the country andor region. Barnabys thistle or barnaby thistle 1 the plant is a thorny winter annual species in the knapweed genus. The currently accepted scientific name for yellow starthistle is centaurea. The stems of mature plants are rigid, spreading, and typically branching from the base in open areas. Other knapweeds and starthistles including the similarly yellow flowered starthistles c.
Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. As the plant infests an area, it chokes out the native plants, reducing biodiversity and wildlife habitat and. Plants profile for centaurea solstitialis yellow star. Click on a place name to get a complete noxious weed list for that location, or click here for a composite list of all federal and state noxious weeds. Plants poisonous to livestock animal science cornell. This list groups weeds into three major classes a, b, and c based on the distribution of each species and the seriousness of the threat they pose to washington state. List of scientific and common names of plants and animals common name scientific name adobe popcorn flower plagiobothrys acanthocarpus aharts dwarf rush juncus leiospermus var. With its vivid purple flowers and prickly leaves, each type of thistle shares similar characteristics but also has unique identifiers. This plant has caused serious problems in the northern half of the state. Centaurea solstitialis, yellow star thistle, is a member of the family asteraceae, native to the mediterranean basin region.
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